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Book Information

Series:

Victoria: VCAA Study Design 2006-12

Title:

Further Mathematics: VCE Units 3 and 4

Price:

Australia: AU$57.95 (inc. GST)
Overseas: AU$52.68 (ex. GST)

Authors:

Christine McRae

Year Published:

2005

ISBN-13:

978-1-876543-27-3

Extent:

720 pages

Availability:

Available now

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Sample chapters for download

Chapters 1 & 2
Module 6

NB: Sample chapters do not have working links.

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About the book

Written to comply with the VCAA’s revised Study Design for 2006–2012. It encourages students to:

It is divided into two areas of study: Data Analysis Core Material and Applications. All 6 Modules are covered:

Module 1:Number patterns
Module 2:Geometry and trigonometry
Module 3:Graphs and relations
Module 4:Business-related mathematics
Module 5:Networks and decision mathematics
Module 6:Matrices

Summaries are given at the end of Data Analysis Core Material and at the end of each Module. These summaries can also be printed from the CD as a handy reference for examination preparation.

Other features

About the interactive student CD

Ideal for independent study and revision. Contains the text of the book, so that students can leave the book at school and keep the CD at home.

Click on the CD icon to access printable pages (including each Summary) as well as software, demonstrations and simulations.

Table of contents

  TABLE OF CONTENTS  
       
  DATA ANALYSIS – CORE MATERIAL 9
       
1 UNIVARIATE DATA 9
  A Data 10
  B Organising and displaying data 13
  C Stem-and-leaf plots (stemplots) 21
  D Sample summary statistics: measures of centre 24
  E Sample summary statistics: measures of spread 32
  F The boxplot (box-and-whisker plot) 46
  G Random samples 54
       
2 BIVARIATE DATA 59
  A Comparing one categorical and one numerical variable 60
  B Two categorical variables 66
  C Two numerical variables 68
  D Correlation 74
  E The coefficient of determination 78
       
3 LINEAR REGRESSION 81
  A Fitting a regression line 82
  B Residual analysis 96
  C Transformations 102
       
4 TIME SERIES 113
  A Time series data 114
  B Smoothing 118
  C Seasonal adjustments 127
  D Forecasting 131
    SUMMARY 139
  A Summary of Chapter 1 140
  B Summary of Chapter 2 142
  C Summary of Chapter 3 143
  D Summary of Chapter 4 146
  E Revision questions 147
       
  APPLICATIONS 155
       
  MODULE 1: NUMBER PATTERNS 155
       
5 ARITHMETIC AND GEOMETRIC SEQUENCES 155
  A Numerical sequences 156
  B Arithmetic sequences 156
  C Arithmetic series 166
  D Applications of arithmetic sequences and series 170
  E Geometric sequences 174
  F Finite geometric series 178
  G Infinite geometric series 181
  H Applications of geometric sequences and series 184
  I Comparing arithmetic and geometric sequences and series 192
       
6 DIFFERENCE EQUATIONS 199
  A Introduction to first-order difference equations 201
  B First-order linear difference equations 206
  C Constructing difference equations 210
  D Applications of difference equations 213
  E Second-order linear difference equations 217
    SUMMARY 221
  A Summary of Chapter 5 222
  B Summary of Chapter 6 223
  C Revision questions 224
       
  MODULE 2: GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY 229
       
7 GEOMETRY 229
  A Review of angles, parallel lines and polygons 230
  B Pythagoras’ theorem 237
  C Similar figures, scale factors and diagrams 241
  D Area, total surface area and volume 249
  E Similar figures and the relationship between length, area, and volume 255
       
8 TRIGONOMETRY 265
  A Trigonometry for right-angled triangles 266
  B The sine rule 274
  C The cosine rule 280
  D Area of a triangle 286
       
9 APPLICATIONS OF GEOMETRY AND TRIGONOMETRY 291
  A Relative position and bearings 292
  B Angles of elevation and depression 297
  C Triangulation 299
  D Three-dimensional problems 302
  E Contour maps 307
    SUMMARY 313
  A Summary of Chapter 7 314
  B Summary of Chapter 8 318
  C Summary of Chapter 9 321
  D Revision questions 323
       
  MODULE 3: GRAPHS AND RELATIONS 331
       
10 CONSTRUCTION AND INTERPRETATION OF GRAPHS 331
  A Review of linear relations 332
  B Linear models 343
  C Linear simultaneous equations 346
  D Applications of linear simultaneous equations 350
  E Line segment graphs 355
  F Step graphs 358
  G Non-linear graphs 360
  H Relations of the form y = kxn 363
  I Modelling relations of the form y = kxn 368
       
11 LINEAR PROGRAMMING 379
  A Regions defined by ax + by c or ax + byc 381
  B Graphing more than one inequality 384
  C Setting up constraints 389
  D Linear programming problem solving 394
    SUMMARY 403
  A Summary of Chapter 10 404
  B Summary of Chapter 11 410
  C Revision questions 412
       
  MODULE 4: BUSINESS RELATED MATHEMATICS 419
       
12 FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS AND ASSET VALUE 419
  A Percentage change 420
  B Percentage taxes and charges 422
  C Balances and interest in accounts 430
  D Inflation 435
  E Depreciation 438
       
13 LOANS AND INVESTMENT 449
  A Simple interest 450
  B Compound interest 460
  C Comparison of simple and compound interest 471
  D Investment with regular equal deposits 475
  E Perpetuities 479
  F Reducing balance loans 481
  G Comparison of loans 496
  H Time payment plans and effective interest rates 502
  I Interest payments on credit cards 507
  J Home loans 510
    SUMMARY 511
  A Summary of Chapter 12 512
  B Summary of Chapter 13 514
  C Revision questions 520
       
  MODULE 5: NETWORKS AND DECISION MATHEMATICS 525
       
14 UNDIRECTED GRAPHS AND NETWORKS 525
  A Terminology 526
  B Planar graphs 530
  C Matrix representation 532
  D Paths and circuits 535
  E Constructing networks 541
  F Trees 544
  G Shortest path problems 549
  H Famous network problems 552
       
15 DIRECTED GRAPHS AND NETWORKS 557
  A Introduction 558
  B Matrix representation 560
  C Network flow 570
  D Critical path analysis 574
  E Assignment problems 588
    SUMMARY 597
  A Summary of Chapter 14 598
  B Summary of Chapter 15 601
  C Revision questions 605
       
  MODULE 6: MATRICES 611
       
16 MATRIX REPRESENTATION AND ITS APPLICATION 611
  A Matrix structure 612
  B Addition and subtraction of matrices 615
  C Matrix multiplication 620
  D Using a graphics calculator for matrix operations 625
  E Further operations with matrices 630
  F Inverse matrices 634
  G Solutions to systems of equations 639
       
17 TRANSITION MATRICES 643
  A Transition matrices 644
    SUMMARY 655
  A Summary of Chapter 16 656
  B Summary of Chapter 17 659
  C Revision questions 660
       
  ANSWERS 665
       
  INDEX 719
       

Foreword

The course Further Mathematics Units 3 and 4 is designed to provide general preparation for employment or further study, in particular, where data analysis is important.

This text: Further Mathematics: VCE Units 3 and 4 has been written to comply with the Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority’s revised Study Design for the period 2006–2009, commencing 1 January 2006.

It follows the guidelines set out in the study design in that it encourages students to

There are two areas of study in Further Mathematics

  1. Data analysis; the core (compulsory) area of study
  2. Applications; module material

Three modules are to be chosen from the available six modules:

Text and exercises for all six modules, including the new module Matrices, are included in this text.

I have endeavoured to write this text at a level that is easy for students to understand but that also challenges them with interesting and relevant exercises.

The text will also be useful for teachers who may be teaching the subject for the first time. It is organised so that it follows the course outline in a logical manner, covering all the topics and terms mentioned. There is text for a lesson and then an exercise to follow; this will enable a syllabus to be easily written from this text.

Much of the text is based on my class-notes and many of the exercises have been used successfully in my teaching of the subject. The exercises are graded and include some multiple-choice questions and selected questions from past Further Mathematics exams. Some of the text and questions in the exercises will extend the more capable students and can also be used as a basis for school-assessed coursework.

At the end of the core material and each of the modules there is a summary, a multiple-choice review exercise and analysis questions. Throughout the text, there are clear instructions for the use of graphics calculators and references to extra material that is contained on the CD.

Why have I written this text book?

I have been a teacher of Mathematics in Victoria since 1972 and have taught Further Mathematics to VCE students for ten years. I have a passion for the subject because I think it enables many students who are not comfortable with the more rigorous courses to succeed in a Mathematics subject. Students find the subject practical, interesting, and that it expands their understanding of Mathematics.

To this I add my experience as an assessor, a writer of Further Mathematics practice exams and as a member of the VCAA Curriculum Review Committee for Further Mathematics and General Mathematics.

Christine McRae